Water In, Water Out Lab

Every city needs to provide its residents with access to water and sanitation infrastructure and services to ensure public health, a productive economy, and environmental sustainability.

The combination of urban population growth and climate change are intensifying the challenge of water scarcity and access now and into the foreseeable future. Water shortages and intermittent service negatively affect water quality, the amount of water individuals use, and the functioning of sanitation systems.

In the absence of a safely managed, reliable and affordable public infrastructure and services, residents obtain water from alternative sources, paying higher prices for water of questionable quality, and provide their own sanitation solutions with negative externalities and inefficiencies.